Automated meeting programs rely closely on robotic units designed to switch elements from a supply location to a predetermined vacation spot. These programs sometimes make use of a mix of vacuum, gripper, or different specialised tooling to govern components of various sizes, weights, and supplies. For instance, surface-mount expertise (SMT) manufacturing makes use of these units to position digital elements onto printed circuit boards.
The flexibility to automate repetitive placement duties presents important benefits, together with elevated throughput, improved precision, and diminished labor prices. Traditionally, guide placement processes had been time-consuming and susceptible to human error. The evolution of those automated programs has revolutionized industries from electronics manufacturing to meals packaging, enabling quicker manufacturing cycles, increased high quality output, and better flexibility in product design.
This text will delve additional into the functionalities, varieties, purposes, and future developments of those pivotal automated programs. Subsequent sections will discover particular technical features, together with drive programs, programming strategies, and integration with different industrial tools.
1. Automated Meeting
Automated meeting represents a vital facet of recent manufacturing, considerably enhancing manufacturing effectivity and product high quality. Central to this course of are choose and place machines, functioning as important instruments for automating the exact and speedy switch of elements throughout the meeting line. Understanding the function of those machines throughout the broader context of automated meeting is essential for optimizing manufacturing processes.
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Part Dealing with and Placement
Choose and place machines excel at dealing with and inserting various elements, starting from small digital components to bigger mechanical assemblies. Their potential to precisely and constantly place components is essential for profitable automated meeting. For instance, in electronics manufacturing, these machines exactly place surface-mount units (SMDs) onto printed circuit boards (PCBs), a activity requiring excessive precision and velocity. This functionality is important for reaching dependable and environment friendly meeting processes.
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Integration with Conveyor Methods
Seamless integration with conveyor programs permits for streamlined materials move all through the meeting course of. Choose and place machines may be strategically positioned alongside conveyor strains to obtain and place elements at designated factors, guaranteeing steady and synchronized manufacturing move. This integration optimizes cycle occasions and minimizes guide intervention.
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Flexibility and Adaptability
Fashionable choose and place machines provide appreciable flexibility and flexibility to accommodate numerous product varieties and meeting necessities. Programmable options enable for fast changeovers between completely different product configurations, enabling agile manufacturing practices. Moreover, using interchangeable end-effectors permits these machines to deal with a wide selection of elements, additional enhancing their adaptability.
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High quality Management and Traceability
Automated meeting processes, facilitated by choose and place machines, contribute to improved high quality management and traceability. Built-in imaginative and prescient programs allow exact part verification, guaranteeing appropriate placement and orientation. Moreover, automated information logging capabilities observe particular person elements all through the meeting course of, offering helpful information for high quality evaluation and course of optimization.
These aspects collectively illustrate the very important function of choose and place machines inside automated meeting programs. Their precision, velocity, and flexibility contribute considerably to enhanced productiveness, diminished errors, and improved general product high quality. As manufacturing continues to evolve, these machines will stay integral to reaching environment friendly and versatile automated meeting processes.
2. Part Placement
Part placement represents a essential operate inside automated meeting processes, and choose and place machines function the first facilitators of this operate. Exact and environment friendly placement is paramount for guaranteeing product performance and reliability. Understanding the intricacies of part placement throughout the context of choose and place machines is crucial for optimizing meeting line efficiency and reaching high-quality outputs.
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Accuracy and Repeatability
Choose and place machines provide distinctive accuracy and repeatability in part placement, exceeding human capabilities in high-volume manufacturing environments. Exact placement is crucial for elements reminiscent of built-in circuits (ICs) on a printed circuit board (PCB), the place misalignment can result in malfunction. The repeatability ensures constant placement throughout 1000’s and even hundreds of thousands of cycles, leading to uniform product high quality.
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Placement Pressure Management
Controlling the drive utilized throughout part placement is essential for stopping injury to delicate elements and guaranteeing correct seating. Choose and place machines make the most of drive sensors and complex management algorithms to control the strain exerted throughout placement. This functionality is very essential for elements like connectors and delicate digital components, the place extreme drive could cause irreversible injury.
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Orientation and Alignment
Exact orientation and alignment of elements are important for correct performance, notably in purposes like electronics meeting. Choose and place machines make the most of imaginative and prescient programs and different alignment mechanisms to make sure correct part orientation earlier than and through placement. This ensures correct electrical connections and mechanical stability throughout the closing meeting.
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Pace and Throughput
Choose and place machines considerably improve placement velocity and throughput in comparison with guide processes. Excessive-speed placement capabilities are essential for reaching high-volume manufacturing targets, whereas sustaining placement accuracy. This elevated throughput contributes on to improved manufacturing effectivity and diminished manufacturing cycle occasions.
These aspects of part placement show the integral function of choose and place machines in fashionable manufacturing. Their precision, velocity, and management over placement parameters contribute considerably to improved product high quality, elevated throughput, and diminished manufacturing prices. As manufacturing processes proceed to evolve, optimizing part placement by means of superior choose and place applied sciences stays a key focus for enhancing general manufacturing effectivity.
3. Precision and Pace
Precision and velocity characterize essential efficiency metrics for choose and place machines, instantly impacting manufacturing effectivity and product high quality. The flexibility to position elements precisely and quickly is key to reaching high-throughput meeting operations. This part explores the interaction between these two key metrics and their implications for choose and place machine effectiveness.
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Placement Accuracy
Placement accuracy refers back to the deviation between the meant and precise place of a positioned part. Excessive placement accuracy is essential for guaranteeing correct part interconnection, particularly in densely populated circuits. For instance, within the manufacturing of smartphones, exact placement of microchips and different elements is crucial for system performance. Choose and place machines providing micron-level accuracy are very important for assembly the stringent calls for of such purposes. Inadequate accuracy can result in product defects, impacting general yield and profitability.
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Placement Pace
Placement velocity denotes the speed at which a choose and place machine can choose and place elements. Excessive placement velocity interprets to elevated throughput and quicker manufacturing cycles. In industries like client electronics, the place time-to-market is essential, high-speed placement is crucial for assembly manufacturing calls for. Machines able to inserting 1000’s of elements per hour contribute considerably to diminished manufacturing lead occasions.
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The Interaction Between Precision and Pace
Attaining each excessive precision and excessive velocity presents a major engineering problem. Growing velocity usually necessitates compromises in placement accuracy, and vice versa. Superior movement management programs and optimized algorithms are important for maximizing each metrics concurrently. Producers usually specify a machine’s throughput by way of elements positioned per hour (CPH) at a given accuracy stage, highlighting the inherent trade-off between these two parameters.
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Impression on Manufacturing Effectivity
The mixed precision and velocity capabilities of a choose and place machine instantly affect general manufacturing effectivity. Increased precision reduces the necessity for rework and minimizes defect charges, whereas increased velocity accelerates manufacturing output. The optimized steadiness between these metrics results in maximized manufacturing effectivity, contributing to decrease manufacturing prices and elevated profitability.
The connection between precision and velocity is key to the effectiveness of choose and place machines. Producers regularly try to enhance each metrics by means of technological developments in areas like movement management, imaginative and prescient programs, and end-effector design. Optimizing the steadiness between precision and velocity stays essential for reaching high-throughput, high-quality automated meeting operations.
4. Robotics Integration
Robotics integration is key to the superior capabilities of recent choose and place machines. Integrating robotic arms and management programs enhances flexibility, adaptability, and general efficiency inside automated meeting environments. This integration permits these machines to execute complicated duties, deal with various elements, and adapt to various manufacturing necessities. The connection between robotics integration and choose and place performance is crucial for understanding the developments in automated meeting.
Robotic arms present the dexterity and vary of movement mandatory for intricate part manipulation. Not like fastened automation programs, built-in robots can entry and manipulate elements in three-dimensional area, enabling placement on complicated geometries. This flexibility is essential for purposes reminiscent of electronics meeting, the place elements should be positioned at numerous angles and orientations on a circuit board. Moreover, robotic integration permits for dynamic path planning, enabling the machine to optimize placement trajectories and keep away from obstacles throughout the workspace. As an example, in automotive manufacturing, robots built-in with choose and place programs can place elements inside a automobile chassis with precision and velocity, navigating the complicated geometry of the inside. The adaptability supplied by robotic integration extends to dealing with elements of various sizes and weights, additional enhancing the flexibility of choose and place machines. Changeable end-effectors, coupled with adaptable robotic management programs, enable a single machine to deal with a various vary of elements inside a single manufacturing line. This reduces the necessity for specialised equipment, optimizing capital funding and manufacturing ground area.
Robotics integration represents a major development in choose and place expertise. The ensuing flexibility, adaptability, and enhanced efficiency capabilities are important for assembly the calls for of recent automated meeting processes. Challenges stay in optimizing robotic programming and integration complexity, however the ongoing developments in robotics and management programs proceed to drive additional innovation on this area. The rising adoption of collaborative robots (cobots) guarantees additional enhancements to human-robot collaboration inside meeting environments, providing the potential for even better flexibility and effectivity sooner or later.
5. Imaginative and prescient Methods
Imaginative and prescient programs play a vital function in enhancing the capabilities and suppleness of choose and place machines. By offering these machines with the flexibility to “see,” imaginative and prescient programs allow superior functionalities reminiscent of part identification, exact alignment, and high quality management, resulting in improved effectivity and accuracy in automated meeting processes. Integration of imaginative and prescient programs is more and more important for dealing with complicated elements and adapting to dynamic manufacturing environments.
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Part Identification and Location
Imaginative and prescient programs allow choose and place machines to establish and find elements primarily based on their visible traits, reminiscent of form, dimension, and shade. This eliminates the necessity for exact pre-positioning of elements, rising flexibility and decreasing setup time. For instance, in a mixed-part meeting, the imaginative and prescient system can differentiate and find numerous elements no matter their orientation, enabling the machine to select and place them precisely.
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Exact Alignment and Placement
Imaginative and prescient programs present real-time suggestions on part place and orientation, enabling extremely correct placement. By analyzing the visible information, the system guides the choose and place machine to appropriate for any misalignments, guaranteeing exact placement even with variations in part presentation. That is notably essential in purposes requiring tight tolerances, reminiscent of microelectronics meeting.
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High quality Management and Inspection
Imaginative and prescient programs facilitate automated high quality management by inspecting elements for defects, reminiscent of cracks, lacking components, or incorrect dimensions. The system can seize pictures of every part and examine them towards pre-defined standards, flagging any deviations for additional inspection or rejection. This automated inspection course of considerably improves high quality management and reduces the chance of faulty merchandise reaching the market.
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Adaptive Choose and Place Operations
Imaginative and prescient programs allow choose and place machines to adapt to variations in part presentation, lighting situations, and different environmental components. The system can regulate its parameters in real-time to take care of correct and dependable efficiency even in dynamic manufacturing environments. This adaptability is essential for dealing with variations in part provide and optimizing general course of stability.
The combination of imaginative and prescient programs considerably enhances the capabilities of choose and place machines, remodeling them into clever and adaptable automation options. These programs contribute to elevated precision, improved high quality management, and enhanced flexibility in dealing with various elements and complicated meeting duties. As imaginative and prescient expertise continues to advance, additional integration with choose and place machines will drive better automation effectivity and allow new prospects in automated manufacturing.
6. Programming Flexibility
Programming flexibility is a essential attribute of recent choose and place machines, instantly influencing their adaptability and general effectiveness in various manufacturing environments. This flexibility permits producers to tailor machine habits to particular software necessities, optimizing efficiency and accommodating variations in product design and meeting processes. With out adaptable programming, these machines could be restricted to inflexible, pre-defined operations, hindering their utility in dynamic manufacturing situations.
The flexibility to program and reprogram choose and place machines simply is crucial for a number of causes. Contemplate a producing line producing a number of product variants. Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and intuitive software program interfaces enable operators to shortly modify choose and place routines, adjusting parameters like part placement places, pick-up heights, and motion trajectories. This adaptability minimizes downtime related to product changeovers, maximizing manufacturing effectivity. Moreover, programming flexibility permits producers to combine choose and place machines into bigger automation programs, coordinating their operation with different tools like conveyors and inspection programs. For instance, in a posh electronics meeting line, the choose and place machine’s program may coordinate with a imaginative and prescient system to establish and proper for part misalignments earlier than placement, guaranteeing excessive product high quality. Within the automotive business, versatile programming permits robotic arms built-in with choose and place performance to adapt to variations in automobile fashions, inserting elements precisely regardless of adjustments in chassis design.
The sensible significance of programming flexibility extends past easy activity adaptation. Superior programming options allow implementation of complicated logic, reminiscent of conditional operations and error dealing with routines. This permits the machine to reply intelligently to unexpected occasions, like a lacking part or a jammed conveyor belt, minimizing manufacturing disruptions. Whereas the preliminary setup and programming of a versatile system may require specialised experience, the long-term advantages by way of adaptability, effectivity, and course of optimization outweigh the preliminary funding. As manufacturing processes develop into more and more complicated and product lifecycles shorten, programming flexibility stays a key differentiator within the choice and utilization of choose and place machines.
7. Finish-Effector Tooling
Finish-effector tooling represents a essential interface between a choose and place machine and the elements it manipulates. The choice and design of applicable end-effectors instantly affect the machine’s capabilities, effectivity, and the general success of the meeting course of. Efficient end-effector design considers part traits, placement necessities, and the particular calls for of the applying. An improper alternative can result in part injury, inaccurate placement, and diminished throughput.
A number of varieties of end-effectors cater to various part dealing with wants. Vacuum grippers, using suction cups, are well-suited for flat, clean surfaces like built-in circuits or glass panels. Mechanical grippers, using fingers or jaws, present a safer grip for irregularly formed or heavier elements. Specialised grippers, reminiscent of magnetic or adhesive grippers, cater to particular materials properties. As an example, magnetic grippers are perfect for dealing with ferrous elements, whereas adhesive grippers deal with delicate supplies like skinny movies. The selection between these choices usually includes trade-offs. Vacuum grippers provide velocity and ease however might not be appropriate for porous or uneven surfaces. Mechanical grippers present better holding drive however may be extra complicated to manage. Specialised grippers tackle distinctive materials dealing with challenges however might have restricted applicability. Within the context of electronics meeting, vacuum grippers dominate surface-mount part placement because of their velocity and mild dealing with. Nevertheless, mechanical grippers are most well-liked when coping with bigger connectors or through-hole elements.
Profitable end-effector implementation necessitates cautious consideration of things like part dimension, weight, fragility, and floor properties. Tooling design should guarantee safe and damage-free part dealing with all through the choose and place cycle. Moreover, end-effector upkeep and well timed alternative are important for sustaining course of reliability. Worn or broken tooling can result in dropped elements, misalignments, and in the end, manufacturing downtime. The choice and upkeep of applicable end-effector tooling are subsequently integral to optimizing choose and place machine efficiency and reaching constant, high-quality meeting outcomes.
8. Various Functions
The inherent versatility of choose and place machines drives their adoption throughout a variety of industries and purposes. Their potential to deal with various elements with precision and velocity makes them integral to automated meeting processes in sectors starting from electronics manufacturing to prescribed drugs and meals packaging. This adaptability stems from components like programmable logic, adaptable end-effector tooling, and integration with imaginative and prescient programs, enabling customization for particular duties and environments. Understanding the breadth of those purposes offers insights into the transformative affect of this expertise on fashionable manufacturing.
In electronics manufacturing, choose and place machines are elementary to populating printed circuit boards (PCBs) with surface-mount units (SMDs). Excessive-speed, high-precision placement capabilities are essential for assembling complicated digital units, from smartphones to automotive electronics. Inside the pharmaceutical business, these machines deal with delicate duties reminiscent of filling vials, sorting tablets, and packaging drugs, guaranteeing sterile and correct processing. The meals business makes use of choose and place machines for duties like arranging meals objects on trays, packaging merchandise, and assembling ready-to-eat meals. Past these core sectors, purposes lengthen to areas like automotive meeting, the place robots geared up with choose and place performance set up elements inside automobile chassis, and client items manufacturing, the place these machines assemble merchandise starting from toys to family home equipment. The adaptability of choose and place expertise permits producers to automate repetitive duties, enhance product high quality, and optimize manufacturing effectivity throughout various sectors.
The increasing vary of choose and place machine purposes highlights their essential function in fashionable automation. Whereas challenges stay in adapting to more and more complicated part geometries and miniaturization developments, ongoing developments in robotics, imaginative and prescient programs, and management software program proceed to broaden their applicability. Additional integration with Trade 4.0 ideas, together with information analytics and machine studying, guarantees to reinforce their capabilities and additional optimize their efficiency throughout various industrial sectors. Understanding the particular necessities of every software and leveraging the adaptability of choose and place expertise stays important for maximizing their effectiveness and realizing the total potential of automated meeting options.
9. Trade 4.0 Readiness
Trade 4.0, characterised by interconnected programs, information alternate, and automation, presents important alternatives for optimizing manufacturing processes. Choose and place machines, central to automated meeting, should show Trade 4.0 readiness to leverage these developments absolutely. This readiness encompasses features like information connectivity, real-time monitoring, predictive upkeep, and adaptable management programs, enabling seamless integration into good factories and facilitating data-driven decision-making.
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Knowledge Connectivity and Interoperability
Trade 4.0 emphasizes information alternate between machines and programs. Choose and place machines demonstrating Trade 4.0 readiness seamlessly combine into industrial communication networks, sharing operational information reminiscent of cycle occasions, part placement accuracy, and error charges. This information alternate permits real-time efficiency monitoring, course of optimization, and integration with Manufacturing Execution Methods (MES) for complete manufacturing management.
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Actual-Time Monitoring and Management
Actual-time monitoring offers insights into machine efficiency, enabling proactive changes and optimizing effectivity. Trade 4.0-ready choose and place machines provide dashboards displaying key efficiency indicators (KPIs) and operational standing. This real-time visibility permits operators to establish potential points, regulate parameters, and keep optimum throughput. Distant monitoring and management capabilities additional improve operational flexibility.
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Predictive Upkeep and Diminished Downtime
Predictive upkeep leverages information evaluation to anticipate potential tools failures and schedule upkeep proactively. Trade 4.0-ready choose and place machines combine sensors and information analytics to watch essential elements, predicting put on and tear and enabling well timed upkeep interventions. This strategy minimizes unplanned downtime, optimizes upkeep schedules, and extends tools lifespan.
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Adaptive Management and Course of Optimization
Trade 4.0 environments demand adaptable and responsive automation options. Choose and place machines demonstrating Trade 4.0 readiness make the most of superior management programs able to adjusting parameters dynamically primarily based on real-time information suggestions. This adaptability permits optimization of placement velocity, drive management, and part dealing with primarily based on various product specs or environmental situations, maximizing manufacturing effectivity and product high quality.
Trade 4.0 readiness transforms choose and place machines from standalone automation elements into integral components of interconnected, data-driven manufacturing ecosystems. These capabilities optimize efficiency, improve flexibility, and contribute to the conclusion of good manufacturing facility goals. As manufacturing continues to evolve, embracing Trade 4.0 ideas by means of information connectivity, real-time monitoring, predictive upkeep, and adaptive management will likely be essential for maximizing the effectiveness of choose and place expertise throughout the broader context of Trade 4.0.
Steadily Requested Questions
This part addresses frequent inquiries concerning automated placement programs, aiming to offer clear and concise info for knowledgeable decision-making.
Query 1: What are the first benefits of using automated placement programs over guide placement processes?
Automated programs provide important benefits over guide processes, together with elevated throughput, improved placement accuracy and repeatability, diminished labor prices, and enhanced high quality management. These programs constantly obtain increased manufacturing charges and decrease errors related to guide dealing with, leading to improved product high quality and diminished manufacturing prices.
Query 2: How do imaginative and prescient programs contribute to the efficiency of those automated programs?
Imaginative and prescient programs improve placement accuracy, allow part identification and orientation verification, and facilitate automated high quality management. By offering visible suggestions, these programs information exact part placement, even with variations in part presentation. Additionally they allow automated inspection for defects, enhancing general product high quality.
Query 3: What components ought to be thought-about when deciding on end-effector tooling for a selected software?
Part traits, reminiscent of dimension, weight, form, and materials, together with the particular placement necessities, dictate end-effector choice. Elements like required grip drive, part fragility, and cycle time additionally affect tooling selections. Vacuum grippers, mechanical grippers, and specialised grippers every provide distinct benefits for particular purposes.
Query 4: How does programming flexibility affect the adaptability of those automated programs?
Programming flexibility permits adaptation to various product designs and meeting processes. Straightforward reprogramming permits fast changeovers between completely different product variants, minimizing downtime and maximizing manufacturing effectivity. Versatile programming additionally permits integration with different automation tools, facilitating complicated meeting duties.
Query 5: What function do these automated programs play in reaching Trade 4.0 goals?
These programs contribute to Trade 4.0 objectives by means of information connectivity, enabling real-time efficiency monitoring and integration with different manufacturing programs. Knowledge evaluation facilitates predictive upkeep, decreasing downtime and optimizing upkeep schedules. Adaptive management programs allow dynamic changes primarily based on real-time suggestions, maximizing effectivity.
Query 6: What are the standard upkeep necessities for these automated programs?
Common upkeep consists of lubrication, cleansing, and inspection of essential elements reminiscent of belts, bearings, and pneumatic programs. Calibration procedures guarantee placement accuracy and repeatability. Preventive upkeep applications, usually guided by information evaluation and predictive algorithms, decrease unplanned downtime and lengthen tools lifespan.
Understanding these key features is essential for profitable implementation and efficient utilization of automated placement programs. Cautious consideration of application-specific necessities and accessible applied sciences ensures optimum efficiency and return on funding.
The following part will delve additional into superior functionalities and future developments throughout the area of automated placement expertise.
Optimizing Efficiency
Efficient utilization of automated placement programs necessitates cautious consideration of a number of key components influencing efficiency, reliability, and general return on funding. These suggestions provide sensible steerage for optimizing system implementation and operation.
Tip 1: Part Presentation and Dealing with: Guarantee constant and predictable part presentation to the system. Standardized part packaging, trays, or feeders facilitate dependable pick-up and decrease placement errors. Correct dealing with procedures forestall part injury and keep constant high quality.
Tip 2: Optimized Programming and Path Planning: Environment friendly programming minimizes cycle occasions and maximizes throughput. Optimized pick-and-place paths scale back pointless actions and optimize robotic utilization. Leveraging superior programming options like imaginative and prescient steerage and error dealing with enhances system robustness.
Tip 3: Finish-Effector Choice and Upkeep: Select end-effectors applicable for the particular elements and software necessities. Common cleansing, inspection, and well timed alternative of worn tooling forestall part injury and guarantee constant placement accuracy. Correct upkeep extends tooling lifespan and minimizes downtime.
Tip 4: Environmental Management and Calibration: Preserve a steady working atmosphere, controlling temperature, humidity, and dirt ranges to make sure optimum system efficiency and forestall part degradation. Common calibration procedures keep placement accuracy and repeatability over time.
Tip 5: Integration and Communication: Seamless integration with upstream and downstream tools, reminiscent of conveyors and inspection programs, optimizes materials move and general manufacturing effectivity. Strong communication protocols facilitate information alternate and allow real-time monitoring and management.
Tip 6: Operator Coaching and Ability Improvement: Nicely-trained operators are important for efficient system operation, troubleshooting, and routine upkeep. Complete coaching applications protecting system operation, programming, and upkeep procedures maximize system uptime and efficiency.
Tip 7: Knowledge Evaluation and Course of Optimization: Leverage information generated by the system to establish developments, optimize parameters, and implement steady enchancment initiatives. Analyzing placement accuracy, cycle occasions, and error charges offers helpful insights for enhancing system effectivity and product high quality.
Adherence to those suggestions contributes considerably to maximizing the effectiveness of automated placement programs. Optimized system efficiency enhances productiveness, improves product high quality, and reduces manufacturing prices.
The concluding part will summarize the important thing advantages and future developments in automated placement expertise, reinforcing its significance in fashionable manufacturing.
Conclusion
Automated placement programs, integral to fashionable manufacturing, optimize manufacturing processes throughout various industries. This exploration encompassed key functionalities, from part dealing with and placement precision to the essential function of robotics integration and imaginative and prescient programs. Programming flexibility and specialised end-effector tooling empower these programs to deal with a wide selection of elements and adapt to evolving manufacturing calls for. Moreover, integration with Trade 4.0 ideas ensures information connectivity, real-time monitoring, and predictive upkeep, enhancing effectivity and maximizing general tools effectiveness. The various purposes of automated placement programs, spanning electronics meeting, prescribed drugs, and past, underscore their transformative affect on manufacturing effectivity and product high quality.
As technological developments proceed to drive innovation in robotics, imaginative and prescient programs, and management software program, the capabilities of automated placement programs will additional develop. Continued exploration and adoption of those applied sciences are important for producers searching for to reinforce productiveness, enhance product high quality, and keep competitiveness in an more and more automated industrial panorama. The way forward for automated placement programs guarantees even better precision, velocity, and flexibility, shaping the following technology of producing processes and driving additional developments in industrial automation.
