8+ Best Jura Impressa Z7 Espresso Machines 2023


8+ Best Jura Impressa Z7 Espresso Machines 2023

This super-automatic equipment represents a classy strategy to espresso preparation. Providing a variety of programmable specialties on the contact of a button, it streamlines the method from bean to cup, delivering barista-quality drinks with minimal consumer intervention. Options usually embrace built-in grinders, adjustable brewing parameters, and automatic cleansing cycles. This kind of equipment sometimes caters to customers who prioritize comfort and consistency of their every day espresso ritual.

Automated espresso machines considerably scale back the effort and time required for crafting complicated espresso drinks. The exact management over brewing variables like temperature, strain, and quantity ensures repeatable outcomes, eliminating the variability inherent in handbook strategies. Traditionally, such developments constructed upon earlier generations of espresso know-how, progressing from handbook lever machines to pump-driven techniques and in the end to totally automated options. This evolution displays a broader development in direction of automation within the kitchen, prioritizing effectivity and ease of use.

Additional exploration of this equipment class can delve into particular options, comparative analyses with different fashions, upkeep necessities, and the affect of automation on the sensory expertise of espresso.

1. Tremendous-automatic operation

Tremendous-automatic operation distinguishes the Jura Impressa Z7 from different espresso machines, signifying a excessive diploma of automation within the brewing course of. This performance streamlines the preparation of espresso-based drinks, minimizing consumer intervention and maximizing comfort.

  • Bean-to-cup brewing

    The built-in burr grinder grinds beans on demand, making certain optimum freshness. This eliminates the necessity for separate grinding gear and simplifies the workflow. Beans are floor immediately earlier than brewing, a key consider preserving aroma and taste.

  • Programmable recipes

    Customers can pre-program their most well-liked espresso specialties, together with espresso, cappuccino, latte macchiato, and extra. This enables for constant outcomes with every brewing cycle, replicating barista-quality drinks on the contact of a button. Customization choices usually embrace changes to espresso energy, milk frothing, and temperature.

  • Automated cleansing cycles

    Built-in cleansing and rinsing packages keep hygiene and extend the lifespan of the machine. These automated cycles scale back the necessity for handbook cleansing, additional simplifying upkeep necessities. Common cleansing ensures optimum efficiency and constant beverage high quality.

  • One-touch operation

    From bean choice to brewing and cleansing, the complete course of is managed via a user-friendly interface. This reduces the educational curve and permits even novice customers to create complicated espresso drinks with ease. The simplified operation contributes to the general comfort of the machine.

These aspects of super-automatic operation contribute to the Jura Impressa Z7’s attraction as a handy and environment friendly equipment for getting ready high-quality espresso drinks. This degree of automation considerably reduces the effort and time required in comparison with conventional strategies, permitting customers to get pleasure from barista-style espresso at dwelling with out specialised abilities or in depth handbook enter.

2. Built-in Burr Grinder

The built-in burr grinder constitutes a important element of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine, immediately impacting the standard and consistency of the ultimate beverage. In contrast to blade grinders, which produce uneven particle sizes, burr grinders crush beans uniformly between two revolving abrasive surfaces. This constant grind measurement ensures even extraction throughout brewing, maximizing taste growth and minimizing bitterness. With out an built-in grinder, pre-ground espresso could be required, compromising freshness and aroma as a consequence of oxidation. The Z7s built-in system grinds beans on demand, preserving risky fragrant compounds and delivering optimum taste. Contemplate the distinction between freshly floor pepper and pre-ground pepperthe former affords a extra vibrant, complicated aroma and taste profile. This analogy highlights the significance of on-demand grinding for maximizing the sensory expertise of espresso.

The combination of the burr grinder additional streamlines the workflow, eliminating the necessity for separate grinding gear and minimizing mess. Customers can regulate the grind measurement to fine-tune the extraction course of, catering to particular person preferences and totally different roast profiles. A finer grind is usually used for espresso, whereas a coarser grind fits strategies like French press. The Z7’s built-in grinder affords this flexibility inside a single, self-contained unit. Moreover, the constant grind measurement produced by burr grinders contributes to the soundness and repeatability of espresso pictures, permitting customers to attain constant outcomes with every brewing cycle. That is essential for replicating particular recipes and sustaining high quality management.

In conclusion, the built-in burr grinder represents a big benefit of the Jura Impressa Z7, enabling exact management over grind measurement and making certain optimum freshness. This function contributes on to the machine’s capability to ship high-quality, constant espresso drinks. Whereas the preliminary funding in a machine with an built-in burr grinder may be increased, the long-term advantages when it comes to taste, comfort, and consistency justify the expense for discerning espresso fanatics. This understanding underscores the integral position of the burr grinder within the total efficiency and worth proposition of the Jura Impressa Z7.

3. Programmable Specialties

Programmable specialties symbolize a defining function of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine, distinguishing it from easier fashions and contributing considerably to its consumer expertise. This performance permits customers to customise and save recipes for a wide range of espresso drinks past commonplace espresso. The flexibility to pre-program parameters like espresso energy, milk quantity, and temperature ensures constant outcomes with every brewing cycle, eliminating guesswork and replicating barista-quality drinks at dwelling. This functionality successfully transforms the Z7 into a customized espresso station, catering to numerous preferences and simplifying the preparation of complicated drinks. Contemplate a family with various espresso preferencesone particular person would possibly favor a robust ristretto, whereas one other enjoys a cappuccino with additional frothed milk. Programmable specialties accommodate these numerous wants with out requiring handbook changes for every cup.

The sensible significance of programmable specialties turns into obvious in every day utilization. Think about a busy morning routineinstead of manually adjusting settings and monitoring the brewing course of, customers can choose their pre-programmed beverage of alternative with a single contact. This streamlined workflow saves helpful effort and time, permitting for a extra environment friendly and pleasing espresso expertise. Moreover, programmable specialties improve consistency and repeatability, eliminating the variability inherent in handbook brewing strategies. This ensures that every cup tastes exactly as supposed, no matter who operates the machine. For instance, a latte macchiato programmed with particular milk frothing and layering parameters will constantly exhibit the specified visible and textural traits.

In conclusion, programmable specialties improve the flexibility and comfort of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine. This function empowers customers to customise their espresso expertise, making certain constant outcomes and simplifying the preparation of complicated drinks. The flexibility to avoid wasting and recall particular person recipes streamlines the brewing course of, significantly helpful throughout busy routines. Whereas the complexity of programming would possibly initially pose a slight studying curve, the long-term advantages when it comes to customization, consistency, and time financial savings contribute considerably to the general worth and attraction of the Z7. This performance underscores the machine’s deal with delivering a customized, high-quality espresso expertise tailor-made to particular person preferences.

4. Adjustable Brewing Parameters

Adjustable brewing parameters symbolize a key function of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine, providing customers granular management over the brewing course of and enabling customization of beverage profiles. This degree of management distinguishes the Z7 from primary fashions and contributes considerably to its capability to provide a variety of espresso specialties tailor-made to particular person preferences. Exact changes to parameters resembling water temperature, espresso energy, and pre-brewing time affect the extraction course of, immediately impacting the flavour, aroma, and physique of the ultimate beverage.

  • Water Temperature

    Exact management over water temperature is essential for optimum extraction. Decrease temperatures may end up in under-extraction and bitter notes, whereas excessively excessive temperatures can result in over-extraction and bitterness. The Z7 permits customers to fine-tune the water temperature to match particular bean varieties and roast profiles, maximizing taste growth and attaining the specified steadiness. For instance, lighter roasts usually profit from increased brewing temperatures, whereas darker roasts would possibly require decrease temperatures to keep away from bitterness.

  • Espresso Power

    Adjustable espresso energy settings decide the coffee-to-water ratio, influencing the depth and physique of the beverage. This parameter permits customers to customise the energy of their espresso to swimsuit particular person preferences, starting from a gentle lungo to a concentrated ristretto. The Z7 sometimes affords a number of energy settings, offering flexibility and management over the ultimate brew. The next coffee-to-water ratio ends in a stronger, extra intense taste profile.

  • Pre-brewing Time

    The pre-brewing perform entails a brief preliminary wetting of the espresso grounds earlier than the principle brewing cycle. This course of permits the grounds to bloom, releasing trapped gases and enhancing taste extraction. Adjustable pre-brewing time on the Z7 permits customers to optimize this stage primarily based on the precise espresso beans used, additional refining the flavour profile. An extended pre-brewing time can improve the complexity and aroma of the ultimate beverage.

  • Quantity Programming

    The flexibility to program particular volumes for various drinks ensures constant outcomes and eliminates the necessity for handbook monitoring throughout brewing. Customers can customise the quantity for every recipe, making certain that every cup comprises the specified quantity of espresso. This function is especially helpful for getting ready milk-based drinks like cappuccinos and lattes, the place exact quantity management contributes to the correct steadiness of espresso and milk.

These adjustable brewing parameters collectively contribute to the Jura Impressa Z7’s versatility and precision, permitting customers to fine-tune the brewing course of and obtain optimum outcomes. The flexibility to customise these parameters primarily based on particular person preferences and particular bean traits distinguishes the Z7 as a high-end equipment able to delivering a very customized espresso expertise. This degree of management empowers customers to discover nuances in taste and aroma, reworking the every day espresso ritual right into a refined and customizable expertise.

5. Excessive-Stress Brewing System

Excessive-pressure brewing lies on the coronary heart of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine’s performance and its capability to ship genuine espresso. This method generates the mandatory strain, sometimes round 9 bars, to pressure sizzling water via finely-ground espresso, ensuing within the characteristically wealthy and concentrated beverage. This strain is essential for extracting the complete spectrum of flavors and aromas from the espresso beans, together with the fascinating crema, an indicator of high quality espresso. With out ample strain, the extraction course of could be incomplete, leading to a weak and underdeveloped brew missing the signature espresso traits. The Z7’s high-pressure system ensures constant and optimum extraction, delivering the specified depth and complexity in every cup. Contemplate the distinction between drip espresso and espressothe former depends on gravity for extraction, leading to a thinner, much less intense brew. The high-pressure system of the Z7 basically alters the extraction dynamics, producing the concentrated taste profile that defines espresso.

The sensible significance of this high-pressure system extends past taste extraction. It contributes to the formation of the crema, the reddish-brown foam that sits atop a well-pulled espresso shot. This crema, composed of emulsified oils and low solids, provides a textural factor and contributes to the general sensory expertise. Moreover, the high-pressure brewing course of enhances the solubility of espresso compounds, leading to a richer, extra full-bodied beverage. The interaction of strain, temperature, and grind measurement throughout the Z7’s brewing system optimizes extraction, delivering a balanced and nuanced taste profile. The excessive strain additionally permits for quicker brewing instances in comparison with different strategies, a big benefit for these searching for comfort with out compromising high quality.

In conclusion, the high-pressure brewing system of the Jura Impressa Z7 is integral to its capability to provide genuine espresso. This method ensures optimum extraction, contributing to the wealthy taste, attribute crema, and full-bodied texture that outline the espresso expertise. Understanding the position of strain within the brewing course of underscores the Z7’s refined engineering and its deal with delivering a high-quality, constant beverage. The interaction of strain with different brewing parameters, resembling temperature and grind measurement, highlights the complexity of espresso preparation and the significance of exact management throughout the Z7’s brewing system. This precision in the end distinguishes the Z7 as a premium equipment able to replicating the barista expertise at dwelling.

6. Automated Cleansing Cycles

Automated cleansing cycles symbolize a vital function of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine, immediately impacting its long-term efficiency, hygiene, and consumer expertise. Espresso machines, by nature, require meticulous cleansing as a result of accumulation of espresso oils, residue, and milk deposits. With out common cleansing, these residues can negatively have an effect on the flavour of drinks, compromise the machine’s hygiene, and probably result in malfunctions. The Z7’s automated cleansing cycles deal with these challenges by simplifying and streamlining the cleansing course of. These cycles sometimes contain automated rinsing and cleansing packages accessible via the machine’s interface. This automation eliminates the necessity for in depth handbook cleansing, lowering the effort and time required for upkeep. Contemplate the distinction between manually disassembling and cleansing parts versus initiating an automatic cleansing cycle with a single button pressthe latter considerably simplifies the method and promotes constant upkeep.

The sensible significance of automated cleansing cycles turns into obvious in a number of methods. Firstly, they contribute to the longevity of the machine. Common cleansing prevents the buildup of deposits that may clog inner parts and result in untimely put on and tear. Secondly, automated cleansing cycles guarantee constant hygiene. Milk residue, specifically, can harbor micro organism if not cleaned promptly and completely. The automated cycles successfully take away these residues, selling a sanitary brewing setting. Thirdly, automated cleansing contributes to the constant high quality of drinks. Residue buildup can impart off-flavors to espresso, affecting the style and aroma. Common cleansing preserves the integrity of the brewing course of, making certain that every cup tastes as supposed. Lastly, automated cleansing enhances consumer comfort. The simplified cleansing course of encourages common upkeep, selling each machine longevity and beverage high quality.

In conclusion, automated cleansing cycles throughout the Jura Impressa Z7 symbolize a big benefit, addressing the inherent upkeep challenges related to espresso machines. This automation simplifies cleansing procedures, promotes constant hygiene, contributes to machine longevity, and ensures the constant supply of high-quality drinks. Whereas automated cycles decrease the necessity for handbook cleansing, occasional deep cleansing and descaling would possibly nonetheless be needed relying on utilization and water hardness. Understanding the position and significance of automated cleansing cycles contributes to maximizing the lifespan and efficiency of the Jura Impressa Z7, making certain a constantly satisfying espresso expertise. This function underscores the machine’s design deal with consumer comfort and long-term reliability.

7. TFT Coloration Show

The TFT (Skinny-Movie Transistor) colour show serves as the first interface for consumer interplay with the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine. This show is integral to the machine’s operation, offering suggestions, guiding customers via brewing processes, and facilitating customization of beverage parameters. The show’s readability, responsiveness, and intuitive format contribute considerably to the general consumer expertise. Its position extends past primary performance, serving as a central communication hub that enhances the machine’s usability and offers important data relating to its standing and operation.

  • Menu Navigation and Beverage Choice

    The TFT show permits intuitive navigation via the machine’s varied menus and choices. Customers can choose desired drinks, regulate brewing parameters, entry cleansing cycles, and personalize settings via the show’s interface. Clear visible representations of beverage choices, accompanied by descriptive textual content, simplify the choice course of. This performance eliminates the necessity for complicated button combos or cryptic codes, streamlining the interplay and enhancing user-friendliness. The intuitive menu construction permits customers to rapidly find and entry desired capabilities, contributing to the general effectivity and ease of use.

  • Brewing Parameter Adjustment and Customization

    The show facilitates exact adjustment of brewing parameters, resembling espresso energy, water temperature, and milk frothing quantity. Visible suggestions throughout changes offers clear affirmation of chosen settings. The flexibility to customise these parameters immediately via the show empowers customers to tailor drinks to particular person preferences. This degree of management enhances the machine’s versatility and permits for experimentation with totally different brewing profiles. Actual-time suggestions on the show ensures accuracy and eliminates guesswork, contributing to constant outcomes. This function differentiates the Z7 from easier machines with restricted customization choices.

  • Upkeep and Troubleshooting Steering

    The TFT show performs a vital position in guiding customers via upkeep procedures, together with cleansing cycles and descaling processes. Clear directions and visible prompts on the show simplify these duties, making certain correct upkeep and prolonging the machine’s lifespan. Moreover, the show offers diagnostic suggestions and alerts customers to potential points, resembling low water ranges or required upkeep. This proactive strategy simplifies troubleshooting and minimizes downtime. Clear error messages and troubleshooting guides on the show empower customers to deal with minor points independently, lowering the necessity for service calls.

  • Visible Suggestions and Standing Indicators

    The colour show offers real-time visible suggestions throughout the brewing course of, indicating progress and standing. This contains animations representing the brewing stage, milk frothing, and different operations. Visible indicators, resembling temperature gauges and progress bars, present clear and instant data relating to the machine’s standing. This fixed suggestions enhances consumer engagement and permits for monitoring of the brewing course of. The dynamic nature of the show provides a visible factor to the espresso preparation expertise, additional distinguishing the Z7 from conventional espresso machines.

In abstract, the TFT colour show on the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine is greater than only a visible element; it’s an integral a part of the consumer interface, mediating interplay and offering important suggestions. Its intuitive design and performance contribute considerably to the machine’s ease of use, customization choices, and upkeep procedures. The clear presentation of data and the dynamic nature of the show improve the general consumer expertise, reflecting the Z7’s deal with delivering a classy and user-friendly strategy to espresso preparation.

8. Stainless Metal Development

Stainless-steel development constitutes a big side of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine’s design, influencing its sturdiness, aesthetics, and perceived worth. The selection of chrome steel displays a deal with longevity, premium construct high quality, and resistance to put on and tear inherent in every day utilization. This materials choice differentiates the Z7 from machines constructed with much less sturdy supplies, contributing to its positioning as a high-end equipment.

  • Sturdiness and Longevity

    Stainless-steel reveals distinctive resistance to corrosion, staining, and affect. This sturdiness ensures that the machine withstands the pains of every day use, sustaining its structural integrity and look over time. In contrast to plastic parts, which might turn out to be brittle or discolored with age, chrome steel retains its energy and aesthetic attraction. This inherent sturdiness contributes to the Z7’s long-term worth proposition. Contemplate the longevity of chrome steel home equipment in skilled kitchensthis materials’s resilience in demanding environments underscores its suitability for a high-use equipment like an espresso machine.

  • Hygiene and Cleanliness

    The non-porous nature of chrome steel prevents the absorption of liquids and residues, making it inherently hygienic and straightforward to scrub. This attribute is essential in an espresso machine, the place espresso oils and milk residue can accumulate. The sleek, non-reactive floor of chrome steel inhibits bacterial progress and simplifies cleansing procedures. This contributes to sustaining a sanitary brewing setting and preserving the flavour integrity of drinks. In comparison with porous supplies, chrome steel minimizes the danger of staining, odor retention, and bacterial contamination, aligning with the hygiene necessities of meals and beverage preparation.

  • Aesthetic Enchantment and Premium Notion

    Stainless-steel conveys a way of high quality and class, contributing to the Z7’s premium aesthetic. Its smooth, fashionable look enhances up to date kitchen designs. The inherent reflectivity of chrome steel provides a visible factor to the machine, enhancing its presence within the kitchen setting. This aesthetic attraction aligns with the Z7’s positioning as a high-end equipment, differentiating it from machines with much less visually interesting development. The visible attraction of chrome steel usually associates with professional-grade gear, reinforcing the notion of high quality and efficiency.

  • Thermal Stability

    Whereas not a main perform, chrome steel reveals cheap thermal stability, which might contribute to sustaining constant brewing temperatures. The fabric’s thermal properties, although not as important as these of specialised insulating supplies, can help in minimizing temperature fluctuations throughout brewing. This contributes to the consistency and high quality of the ultimate beverage. Whereas different parts throughout the machine play a extra important position in temperature regulation, the inherent thermal properties of chrome steel complement the general thermal administration system.

In conclusion, the chrome steel development of the Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine contributes considerably to its sturdiness, hygiene, aesthetic attraction, and total efficiency. This materials alternative displays a dedication to high quality and longevity, aligning with the Z7’s positioning as a premium equipment. The advantages of chrome steel lengthen past mere aesthetics, impacting the machine’s performance and contributing to a extra satisfying and dependable espresso expertise. The mixture of sturdiness, hygiene, and aesthetic attraction reinforces the worth proposition of the Z7, justifying its place throughout the high-end espresso machine market. This understanding underscores the importance of fabric choice in equipment design and its affect on the consumer expertise.

Regularly Requested Questions

This part addresses frequent inquiries relating to this refined equipment, offering concise and informative responses to make clear potential areas of uncertainty.

Query 1: How does this equipment differ from conventional espresso machines?

This mannequin automates the complete espresso-making course of, from grinding beans to brewing and cleansing, whereas conventional machines require handbook intervention at varied phases. This automation simplifies operation and ensures constant outcomes.

Query 2: What kinds of drinks will be ready?

A variety of espresso specialties, together with espresso, cappuccino, latte macchiato, ristretto, and lungo, are programmable. Milk-based drinks are facilitated by automated milk frothing techniques.

Query 3: What’s the significance of the built-in burr grinder?

Freshly floor beans are important for optimum taste. The built-in burr grinder eliminates the necessity for separate grinding gear, preserving bean freshness and maximizing aroma.

Query 4: How do adjustable brewing parameters affect the ultimate beverage?

Parameters like water temperature, espresso energy, and pre-brewing time affect the extraction course of, permitting customization of the ultimate beverage’s taste, aroma, and physique. Tremendous-tuning these parameters permits for exact management over the brewing course of.

Query 5: What upkeep is required for this equipment?

Automated cleansing cycles simplify upkeep. Common rinsing and cleansing packages, accessible via the interface, decrease handbook intervention. Periodic descaling, relying on water hardness, could also be needed.

Query 6: What’s the benefit of the TFT colour show?

The TFT colour show offers clear visible suggestions and steerage. It simplifies menu navigation, beverage choice, parameter adjustment, and entry to upkeep packages. The intuitive interface enhances consumer interplay and operational management.

Understanding these elements ought to make clear key functionalities and deal with potential considerations relating to operation and upkeep. This information empowers knowledgeable choices and promotes a extra satisfying possession expertise.

Additional exploration of particular functionalities and options will be discovered within the subsequent sections of this doc.

Ideas for Optimum Efficiency

Maximizing the lifespan and efficiency of this refined equipment requires adherence to particular tips. These suggestions guarantee constant beverage high quality and decrease potential operational points.

Tip 1: Water High quality: Make the most of filtered water to forestall mineral buildup and keep optimum brewing temperature. Water hardness considerably impacts machine longevity and beverage taste. Seek the advice of the consumer handbook for advisable water filtration techniques.

Tip 2: Bean Freshness: Use freshly roasted espresso beans for optimum taste and aroma. Retailer beans in an hermetic container in a cool, darkish place. Keep away from pre-ground espresso every time potential.

Tip 3: Grind Dimension Adjustment: Alter the grind measurement primarily based on the precise espresso beans and desired beverage. A finer grind is mostly appropriate for espresso, whereas a coarser grind fits different brewing strategies. Experiment to search out the optimum grind measurement for particular preferences.

Tip 4: Common Cleansing: Adhere to the producer’s advisable cleansing cycles. Common cleansing prevents residue buildup, maintains hygiene, and preserves the flavour integrity of drinks. Automated cleansing cycles simplify this course of.

Tip 5: Descaling: Carry out descaling procedures in keeping with the consumer handbook. Descaling removes mineral deposits, optimizing brewing temperature and increasing the machine’s lifespan. Frequency is determined by water hardness.

Tip 6: Preheating: Preheating the cup previous to brewing helps keep optimum beverage temperature. This enhances the sensory expertise and preserves the crema’s integrity in espresso-based drinks.

Tip 7: Correct Storage: Retailer the machine in a dry, well-ventilated space away from direct daylight and extreme warmth. Correct storage safeguards inner parts and prevents injury. Seek the advice of the consumer handbook for particular storage suggestions.

Constant adherence to those tips ensures optimum efficiency, extends the equipment’s operational life, and ensures constantly high-quality drinks. Neglecting these suggestions can compromise efficiency and necessitate expensive repairs.

Following the following pointers contributes to a seamless and satisfying espresso expertise, maximizing the return on funding and making certain years of dependable efficiency. The following conclusion summarizes key takeaways and reinforces the significance of correct upkeep.

Conclusion

The Jura Impressa Z7 espresso machine represents a classy strategy to automated espresso preparation. Its options, together with an built-in burr grinder, programmable specialties, adjustable brewing parameters, high-pressure brewing system, automated cleansing cycles, TFT colour show, and chrome steel development, contribute to a streamlined and customizable espresso expertise. This complete examination has explored these particular person parts and their contribution to the machine’s total efficiency. The evaluation underscores the equipment’s deal with comfort, consistency, and customization, positioning it as a premium possibility for discerning espresso fanatics.

Investing in a premium equipment just like the Jura Impressa Z7 necessitates an understanding of its capabilities and upkeep necessities. Adherence to advisable practices ensures optimum efficiency and longevity, maximizing the return on funding. The evolution of automated espresso preparation continues, pushed by developments in know-how and a rising demand for comfort with out compromise. The Jura Impressa Z7 exemplifies this development, providing a glimpse into the way forward for dwelling espresso brewing. Its refined design and superior functionalities cater to the growing want for a customized, high-quality espresso expertise throughout the consolation of 1’s dwelling.